Brain cancer

A brain tumour is a cancerous/non-cancerous mass or growth of abnormal cells in the brain. Two of the most common forms of brain cancer are Metastatic Brain Tumours (secondary spread from other parts) and Glioma (primarily from brain).

Signs & Symptoms

• Headaches (usually worse in the morning)
• Vomiting
• Muscle jerking or twitching (seizures or convulsions)
• Vision problem
• Speech & Hearing difficulty
• Weakness in the arms & legs
• Changes in mood, personality or ability to concentrate
• Numbness or tingling in the arms or legs
• Memory loss

Risk factors

• Radiation exposure
• Family history
• Immune system disorders
• Environmental factors such as exposure to vinyl chloride (a chemical used to manufacture plastics), petroleum products, etc

Progression

Malignant primary brain tumours are cancers that originate in the brain, typically grow faster than benign tumours, and aggressively invade surrounding tissue. Although brain cancer rarely spreads to other organs, it will spread to other parts of the brain and the central nervous system.

Diagnosis

• Primary diagnosis: Physical exam and personal/family health history
• Advanced diagnosis : Neurologic exam, MRI, CT Scan, Angiogram and Biopsy
• The mainstay of diagnosis is currently MRI scan followed by surgery for histological examination by a pathologist

Treatment

The standard treatment for brain tumours includes surgery, radiation therapy, and/or chemotherapy. In general, radiation and chemotherapy treatments are used as secondary or adjuvant treatments for malignant tumours. However, radiation and chemotherapy may be used without surgery if the tumour is inoperable.

Some Tips

• Eat healthy diet : Include foods high in Omega-3 fatty acids such as fish and lean meats. In addition, vegetables and fruits like broccoli, beans, spinach, apples, oranges and pineapples are rich in antioxidants and are packed with vitamins to promote healthy brain and body functions.
• Visit doctor regularly : The National Institute of Neurological Disorders reports that identifying a brain tumour in the early stages is important to fight and recover from brain cancer.
• No alcohol and smoking : Excessive drinking can lead to liver diseases that can spread to the brain, whereas, smoking leads to lung cancer that can work its way to the brain.